Case study | Company Law |MCA Penalizes Auditors for Non-Disclosure of Specified Bank Notes in Audit Report Editor

MCA Penalizes Auditors for Non-Disclosure of Specified Bank Notes in Audit Report Editor| Company Law | Case study 

 Introduction: The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), under the Government of India, recently issued an order penalizing an auditor for the violation of Section 143 of the Companies Act, 2013. The case involves Syndrome Pharmaceuticals Private Limited and its auditor, CA Manish M. Maheshwari, for non-disclosure of specified bank notes in the audit report for the financial year ending on March 31, 2017. Background: On January 24, 2024, the Registrar of Companies, Bihar, issued an order (ROC/PAT/Sec. 143/14515/1371) appointing an Adjudication Officer to address the violation. The violation relates to the non-disclosure of holdings and dealings in Specified Bank Notes (SBN) during the period from November 8, 2016, to December 30, 2016, as mandated by the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014. Factual Overview: The Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014, were amended on March 30, 2017, introducing Rule 11(d). This rule required companies to disclose in their financial statements the holdings and dealings in Specified Bank Notes during the specified period. However, the audit report for the financial year 2016-2017 of Syndrome Pharmaceuticals Private Limited, prepared by CA Manish M. Maheshwari, did not include the required disclosure. Violation and Response: Section 143(3)(j) of the Companies Act, 2013, mandates auditors to include in their reports matters as prescribed. The absence of the required disclosure in the auditor’s report led to a violation of Section 143(3)(j) read with Rule 11(d) of the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014. The Adjudication Officer issued a show-cause notice to CA Manish M. Maheshwari, who admitted to the error in a response dated December 25, 2023, stating it was an inadvertent mistake during the audit of Syndrome Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd. The admission of default led to the conclusion that the provisions of Section 143 of the Companies Act, 2013, were contravened, making the auditor liable for penalties. Penalties Imposed: The order imposed a penalty of Rs. 5,000 (Five Thousand) on CA Manish M. Maheshwari, considering the nature of the default, the number of days in default, and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act. The penalty was imposed under both Section 450 and Section 446B of the Companies Act, 2013. 
Payment and Appeal: CA Manish M. Maheshwari was instructed to pay the penalty individually through e-payment within 90 days of the order. The noticee has the right to appeal against this order within 60 days from the date of receipt, and the appeal should be filed with the Regional Director (ER), Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Kolkata. 
Conclusion: This case serves as a reminder of the strict adherence required by auditors to the reporting obligations specified by the Companies Act. The penalty imposed underscores the importance of transparency and compliance in financial reporting, with the MCA taking proactive measures to enforce accountability within the corporate sector. The adjudication process emphasizes the need for auditors to exercise diligence in fulfilling their responsibilities to maintain the integrity and transparency of financial disclosures.

How to Crack CSEET in First Attempt?

Clearing CS Executive Entrance Test (CSEET) is one of the first steps for a candidate who dreams to become a Company Secretary. Accordingly, an appropriate strategy backed by a positive mindset, can yield positive results and enable one to begin his/her career journey successfully.


The CSEET, as the name suggests, is an entrance test for the Company Secretary Programme. It consists of four papers, all of which include objective-type questions. ICSI conducts CSEET examination four times a year – January, May, July, and November; which shall be an online MCQ-based exam with all four tests taking place on the same day.
Understanding the paper pattern as well as the passing criteria are of great significance before appearing for any examination. Each of the four papers in CSEET is of 50 Marks with 35 MCQs (i.e. 20 MCQs of 1 mark each & 15 MCQs of 2 marks each); with no negative marking for incorrect answers. The passing criteria established for CSEET is minimum of 40% marks in each of the four papers individually, and 50% marks in aggregate of all papers put together.

A successful beginning always plays its role in boosting a candidate’s confidence. Correspondingly, below are some of the strategies that may help a candidate crack CSEET in his/her first attempt:
1️⃣. Prepare a Time Table:
“A goal without a plan is just a wish.” The preparation can be planned and structured by forming a weekly time-table. Scheduling topics/ chapters along with appropriate time allotment and then adhering to its completion in a time-bound manner is a good way to ensure achieving small milestones towards the destination.

2️⃣. Conceptual Clarity:
CSEET Exams are MCQ-based; hence cramming won’t be of any help. Instead, focus should be on having the conceptual clarity towards the basics and the very essence of the topics.

3️⃣. Self-management:
Self-management is underrated, but essential. Consider reading a newspaper to remain aware of current events besides scheduling time for physical exercise as part of the preparation. 

4️⃣. Mock Test:
MCQs-based test shall require a significant amount of practice, for which mock-tests available at various platforms come to the rescue. Further, it should also be noted that since there are no negative marks for incorrect answers, an attempt to answer all the questions should be made.

5️⃣. Self-made Notes:
As all the four papers are to be appeared on a single day, good material for revision is essential for which notes can be made by the student subject-wise which may include:

6️⃣. Amendments:
CSEET exams are conducted every quarter; which involve frequent amendments. Accordingly, referring to the monthly CSEET Communique/e-bulletin which contains all the relevant amendments & current affairs along with MCQs for practice could prove to be of great help. Students can check out the CSEET e-bulletin at https://www.icsi.edu/students/cseet-ebulletin

7️⃣. Last Revision:
Days just before exams are crucial. Students must avoid referring to any new material/books and stick to the books from which he/she has studied for revision. Further, knowing exactly what and from where to revise while juggling between four subjects is a pre-requisite to success in examination.

8️⃣. Time Management:
A candidate gets 120 minutes to complete 140 MCQs in CSEET. Thus, in order to sustain the speed, he/she must not spend much time on doubtful questions. Also, as there is no negative marking for incorrect answers, it is advised to not skip any question.

Subject-wise Planning:
1️⃣. Business Communication:
Prioritise Business Correspondence topics as they are more frequently asked and also act as a base for the next level exams. Use some of the techniques to study and remember the business terminologies.
Learn new words, idioms, and other phrases on a daily basis and use them in everyday conversation.Practice and focus more on basics of Grammar.
Download 👇 Comércio App for Quizzes to practice https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.mhspxn.ljpptf

2️⃣. Legal Aptitude and Logical Reasoning:
Legal Aptitude is the most relevant subject of the course. This has to be given priority despite being a lengthy subject. It must be noted that all the chapters are equally important not only for CSEET, but also to build a strong foundation for the candidate’s CS journey. It is advised to not skip any topic from Legal Aptitude.
Make notes for technical words referred in ICSI material.
One must indulge in regular practice of Logical Reasoning for 1-1.5 hours a day. However, if the candidate finds himself/ herself good at this subject, he/she can decide to give lesser time and focus more on other topics.
As it is an MCQ-based exam, one must practice thoroughly to increase the speed.

3️⃣ Economics and Business Environment:
Some of the chapters like Demand & Supply and National Income are the topics that almost everybody must have studied in their 10+2 education. These are easy and scoring chapters and can be planned accordingly.
Further, chapters like Union Budget, Indian Financial Market and Key Government Institutions should be done thoroughly, as collectively these chapters have a higher marks weightage than the rest of the syllabus.

4️⃣ Current Affairs, Presentation and Communication Skills:
Although Current Affairs has only four chapters, one should not limit his/her studies to that. Keeping oneself updated with all the recent happenings besides the updates provided by ICSI in its e-bulletin is of great significance.
Interacting with friends/ colleagues to discuss the current happenings also proves to be helpful.
Reading newspaper or articles on a daily basis, following meaningful posts on social media platforms, etc. can come to rescue.
Note: For Paper 4, Part II Viva-voce had been introduced for 15 minutes constituting 30 marks. However, in the case of online exam – remote proctored mode, the viva-voce has been replaced with regular MCQs.

Thus, besides the necessary discipline and consistency, a properly devised approach shall ensure success in the beginning stage i.e. CSEET which shall also channelize the way a student approaches future course of examinations.

Download Comércio App for FREE Test Series to clear CSEET in your first attempt 
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.mhspxn.ljpptf

What is CSEET Question paper pattern?

ICSI conducts the CSEET. The question paper is divided across four sections- 
1️⃣ Business Communication
2️⃣ Current Affairs 
3️⃣ Economics and Business Environment
4️⃣ Legal Aptitude and Logical Reasoning. 
The number of questions in each section is as follows: 
1️⃣. Business Communication: This section includes 35 questions. The total number of marks for this section is 50.
 2️⃣ Legal Aptitude and Logical Reasoning: This section is divided into two parts. Part A- Legal Aptitude is of 25 marks and Part B- Logical reasoning is also of 25 marks. The total number of questions included in this section is 35 
3️⃣  Economics and Business Environment. This section is divided into two parts. Each part is of 25 marks. The total number of question in this section are 35 questions. 
4️⃣. Current Affairs Presentation and Communication Skills: The number of questions asked from Current Affairs is 15, whereas Presentation & Communication skills includes 20 questions. 
Each section typically contains multiple choice questions (MCQs) and is conducted in remote proctored mode.

How to Prepare SBEC for CS Executive Exams?

How to Prepare SBEC for CS Executive Exams?
Students shall read the article to know about How to Prepare SBEC as we have shared detailed preparation Strategy for Setting Up of Business Entities for CS Executive.
How to Prepare SBEC: There is no denying that students must study a wide range of laws and legal regulations to prepare for the CS Executive exam. The fundamentals of business law are taught to the students in this course.

How to Prepare SBEC for CS Executive Exams Overview
However, this subject is introduced at the intermediate level, or the executive level, to give students a working knowledge and understanding of the various procedural requirements involved in the establishment of business entities as well as an overview of the procedures involved in the closure of entities.
As everyone is aware, considering all of the latest developments worldwide, our economy has demonstrated remarkable productivity in terms of GDP and National Income. Some businesses have managed to recover well from the pandemic while maintaining their revenue and profit margins. But without diversity in the business structures that are being used across the nation, this would not have been possible.
When starting a business, one can choose from a variety of business structures, including companies, limited liability partnerships, societies, and trusts. A successful organization depends on its choice of business entity. The purpose, advantages, scale of the entity’s operations, and numerous other considerations will all play a role in the choice of business structure.

How to Prepare for SBEC: Know In-depth Understanding
In India, sole proprietorships, partnerships, Hindu Undivided Family (HUF) businesses, limited liability partnerships (LLPs), cooperative societies, branch offices, and companies are the most common forms of business entities. These can be any kind of company, such as a One Person Company (OPC), a private limited company, a public limited company, a company limited by guarantee, a subsidiary company, a statutory company, an insurance company, or an unlimited company that was formed under section 25 of the previous Companies Act, 1956 or section 8 of the Companies Act, 2013.
Several laws apply when incorporating a business. First Registrations: FSSAI, ISO, MSME, copyright, patent, shops and establishments, etc.; licenses from regulatory bodies: RBI, IRDA, GST, Income Tax, IPR, etc. shall be obtained.

It becomes extremely important to know and understand the laws associated with a particular form of business to initiate successful business setup and successful closure, when preferred to serve the best interests of all stakeholders, in this scenario of varied options for the type of business entity and the multitude of laws applicable to the businesses.

Understanding legal regulations is crucial for Company Secretary students not only to pass the exam but also to comprehend how these regulations will affect their business operations when put into practice.

The CS fraternity has been entrusted with the primary duty of understanding the legal system from every perspective to contribute to the expansion and operation of the business overall while upholding the existing legal regulations.

The primary responsibility of the company secretary is to serve as the company’s compliance officer. This subject becomes one of the most significant topics of the CS Executive exam when one considers the significance it has for professional students.

It is the third subject in CS Executive Module 3. The CS Executive is the second step in the company secretary’s career path, as is currently understood. Fundamentally, the executive stage is meant to instill the abilities and proficiencies of students who have completed the executive program.
This significant subject was included in the curriculum to provide students with a practical understanding of how to set up a business in India while adhering to all registration and license requirements and providing an overview of the procedures associated with insolvency, winding up, and closure.

How to Prepare SBEC Syllabus
Before creating the study plan, we should be aware of the subject’s contents. The format of the study lessons for this subject is as follows,

Part 1️⃣ – Setting up of Business (40 Marks)
Module-1️⃣ Paper-3 Setting up of Business Entities and Closure

👉Choice of Business Organisation
👉Types of Companies and their Formation
👉Part I : Charter Documents
👉Part II : Alteration of Charter Documents
👉Legal Status of Registered Company
👉Formation of Limited Liability Partnerships
👉Different Forms of Business Organisation and its Registration
👉Formation and Registration of NGOs- Section 8 Company, Trust and Society
Financial Services Organisation and its Registration Process
👉Start-ups and their registration
👉Joint Ventures Collaboration and Special Purpose Vehicles
👉Setting up of Business outside India and issues relating thereto
👉The procedure of conversion of business entities

Part 2️⃣ REGISTRATION; LICENSES & COMPLIANCES (35 Marks)
👉Various Initial Registrations and Licenses
👉Maintenance of Registers and Records
👉Identifying laws applicable to various Industries and their initial compliances
Intellectual Property laws (Provisions applicable for setting up of business)
👉Compliances under Labour Laws (Provisions applicable for setting up of business)
👉Compliances relating to Environmental laws (Provisions applicable for setting up of business)

Part 3: INSOLVENCY; WINDING UP & CLOSURE OF BUSINESS (25 Marks)
👉Dormant Company: Obtaining dormant status and dormant to active status.
👉Strike off and restoration of name of the company and LLP.
👉Insolvency Resolution process; Liquidation and Winding-up: An overview.

Understanding 🧠 the Purpose of SBEC: A Guide 🗺 on How to Prepare
Given that company secretaries’ core area is understanding commercial laws, these professionals must be completely informed about a wide range of laws and regulations for both practices to guide management on relevant topics and impart knowledge of specific economic, business, and commercial laws that directly affect the operations of the various business entities selected to launch new ventures or redefine existing ones.
We also need to keep in mind that the way corporate affairs are conducted is directly impacted by our comprehension of certain business and commercial laws.

A professional company secretary is expected to be well-versed in the laws, rules, and regulations that govern the modern world. Violations of these regulations can result in harsh penalties, while compliance with these regulations facilitates the smooth operation and dealings of the company.

SBEC Preparation Strategy 🎯
The establishment of business entities is a complex topic that is constantly being improved upon by new primary laws, the rules and regulations that are enacted under them, and decisions from the courts on particular legal matters. As a result, it becomes imperative that each student stay up to date on the numerous legislative modifications that have been made as well as the occasional rulings from the courts by consulting the Institute’s journal, “Chartered Secretary,” its e-bulletin, and other legal and professional publications.

✍️Comprehending the subject’s fundamentals: Students must, first and foremost, comprehend the fundamental provisions of each act, rule, and regulation about the subject.

✍️Understanding the subject’s requirements: Students should, first and foremost, fully comprehend the subject’s and paper’s requirements. They should comprehend the duties and responsibilities of the company secretary in handling all the different kinds of situations that are listed in the various acts; in other words, they should comprehend how the written laws are put into practice.

✍️Dynamic subject: Students must keep in mind that this is not a static subject like accounting or costing, but rather one that involves many dynamic elements due to constantly changing regulations. Additionally, the requirements will continue to evolve by the type of business entity we are working with.

✍️Requirements for Analytical Skills: Students must focus more on analytical abilities than theoretical knowledge. It is important to fully comprehend the case laws and how they apply to real-world business issues.

✍️Referring to recent case studies that have been posted on the SEBI website: As part of their exam preparation, students must study pertinent and significant examples from current events involving business and society.

✍️Regular Updation: At least six months before the date of the relevant examinations, familiarize yourself with all pertinent circulars, clarifications, notifications, etc. issued by the MCA, SEBI, judicial pronouncements, provisions, etc.

✍️Subject-specific fundamentals: Last but not least, students must understand the essence of the Acts, their key provisions, their powers, their amendments, and the characteristics and purposes of each Act’s feature, particularly before the exam.


How to Prepare JIGL for CS Executive Exams?

How to Prepare JIGL for CS Executive Exams? 😤 💡 💭 
The strategy of How to Prepare JIGL shall be understood very deeply by the students as this is the most important subject to become a Company Secretary. Read the full article to know more.
How to Prepare JIGL 💭 😤 🤔 subjects of Jurisprudence, Interpretation, and General Laws hold significant importance in the CS Executive exam. It is the first topic covered in CS Executive Module 1. As far as we are aware, the second phase of the Company Secretary professional program is CS Executive. The executive stage’s main goal is to instil the abilities and competency of students who have completed the executive program. The goal of including this crucial subject in the curriculum is to equip students with the knowledge and skills necessary to comprehend laws and legal regulations.

How to Prepare JIGL for CS Executive Exams? 💭 🤔 
You can find the most accurate and up-to-date information on the latest CS syllabus and exam pattern by visiting the official website of the Institute of Company Secretaries of India (ICSI) or other reliable sources.

An outline of the JIGL subject
Three parts comprise the subject:
👉Jurisprudence
👉Interpretation
👉and General Laws
It is crucial to realize that studying this topic provides a general understanding of the legal environment and related concepts rather than referring to any specific laws currently in effect.

How to Prepare JIGL for CS Executive? 🤔 
Following are some of chapter wise analysis that will help you to make a study plan to prepare JIGL-
📢CS EXECUTIVE JIGL MOST IMPORTANT TOPICS 🎯
Chapter wise analysis of topics for cs executive examination so that the students can focus on the most relevant topic and can fight the exam. However this list is not exhaustive and the icsi can ask any question from the modules, so it is recommended to students to read full module or notes which they have prepared along with the analysis given below.
✍️Chapter 1️⃣ Sources of Law
👀Previous Year – 17 Marks

✔️Already asked
👉Kelson pure theory of law
👉Essential of valid custom
👉Austin’s command theory
✅️Anticipation – 5 to 10 marks
❓️Type – direct

Important concept 🧠 
1️⃣ Precedents and its kinds.
2️⃣ Doctrine of stare decisis
3️⃣ Ratio Decidendi & Obtier Dicta
4️⃣. Secondary sources of law
5️⃣. Jeremy bentam & roscoe pound theory of law.

✍️Chapter 2️⃣ Constitution of India
👀Previous Year – 9 Marks

✔️Already asked
👉Right against exploitation
👉Article 16
✅️Anticipation 10 marks
❓️Type - direct

Important concepts 🧠 
1️⃣ Doctrine of severability/eclipse
2️⃣. Article 14 – classification & class legislation
3️⃣Writs
4️⃣. Ordinance making power.
5️⃣. State article 12
6️⃣. Can a single person law be valid
7️⃣ Article 14 with case laws.
8️⃣ Freedom of trade and occupation
9️⃣ Monopoly
🔟. Article 21
1️⃣1️⃣. Preventative detention & safe guards
1️⃣2️⃣ Freedom to mange religious affair
1️⃣3️⃣Article 30
1️⃣4️⃣Ordinance making power
1️⃣5️⃣Power of parliament to make laws on state list
1️⃣6️⃣Writ jurisdiction
1️⃣7️⃣Subordinate legislation – classification.
1️⃣8️⃣ Law making power.


✍️Chapter 3️⃣
👀Previous Year – 13 Marks
✔️Already asked
👉Role of interpretation or definition.
👉Rule of harmonious construction.
👉External aids in interpretation of statutes.
✅️Anticipation – 5 – 10 marks
❓️Type – direct

Important concept 🧠 
1️⃣ Expression unis Est Exclusia Alterius & Nocitur a sociis.
2️⃣ Role of preamble as interpretation of statute.
3️⃣ Ejusdem generis & cases.
4️⃣ Mischief Rule
5️⃣ Golden rule of interpretation.
6️⃣ External rule of interpretation.
7️⃣State 6-8 presumption.
8️⃣Role of proviso schedule in internal aid.




✍️Chapter 4️⃣ General Clauses Act
👀Previous Year – 4 Marks
✔️Already asked
👉Offence punishable under 2 or more enactments
✅️Anticipation – 0-3 marks
❓️Type – Direct

Important concept 🧠 
1️⃣Objective of general clauses Act.
2️⃣Effect of repeal & Sec (6A)



✍️Chapter 5️⃣ Administrative Law
👀Previous Year – 4 Marks
✔️Already asked
👉Rule against bias & its types
✅️Anticipation – 4-8 marks
❓️Type – Direct & subjective

Important concepts 🧠 
1️⃣Judicial control – constitutional – judicial review a) at the stage of delegation b)at the exercise of delegation.
2️⃣Abuse of discretion.
3️⃣Principle of natural justice with case law.
4️⃣Rule of fair hearing.
5️⃣Exception to natural justice.



✍️Chapter 6️⃣ Law of Torts
👀Previous Year – 13 Marks
✔️Already asked
👉Liability of master for act of servant.
👉Damnum sine injuria.
👉False imprisonment.
✅️Anticipation – 5 -10 marks
❓️Type – direct

Important concepts 🧠 
1️⃣Strict liability & its exceptions.
2️⃣Remedies in tort.
3️⃣Tort or wrong to personal safety.


✍️Chapter 7️⃣ Limitation Act
👀Previous Year – 4 Marks
✔️Already asked
👉Maximum & minimum period of limitation & kinds of suits in which it is provided.
✅️Anticipation – 4 – 8 marks
❓️Type – Direct

Important concepts 
1️⃣Section 5 Sufficient cause and its judicial observations.
2️⃣Section 6/7/8 legal disability.
3️⃣Computation of period of limitation.
4️⃣ Section 18 acknowledgement/section 19


✍️Chapter 8️⃣ Civil procedure code
👀Previous Year – 16 Marks
✔️Already asked
👉Doctrine of Res-Subjudice
👉Dishonest sale.
👉Multiplicity of suit in respect of same cause of action
👉Three factors for temporary injunction
👉Place of suing
✅️Anticipation – 10-12 marks
❓️Type – Direct

Important concepts 🧠 
1️⃣ Appealable orders
2️⃣Limitation on jurisdiction of civil court.
3️⃣ Res Judicata.
4️⃣ Set off Vs. Equitable set off Vs counter Claim.
5️⃣ Delivery of summon by court.
6️⃣ Discovery of interrogatories.
7️⃣Judgement Vs decree.
8️⃣Reference/review/revision. – difference between Review Vs revision.
9️⃣ Inherent power of court.

✍️Chapter 9️⃣ Indian Penal Code
👀Previous Year – 4 Marks
✔️Already asked
👉Criminal conspiracy.
✅️Anticipation – 8-10 marks
❓️Type:- Direct & Case base

Important concepts 🧠 
1️⃣Mens rea & types of exceptions.
2️⃣ Attempt
3️⃣Punishment – death.
4️⃣Dishonest misappropriation of property with case laws.
5️⃣Criminal breach of trust with cases.
6️⃣ Breach of trust with cases
7️⃣Cheating with case law & forgery.
8️⃣Exceptions to defamation.
9️⃣General exceptions for a person committing offence.

✍️Chapter 🔟 Criminal Procedure Code
👀Previous Year – 12 Marks
✔️Already asked
👉Cases where mens rea is not required.
👉Proclamation.
👉Power under Sec 144 to order in urgent cases of nuisance
✅️Anticipation – 10 marks
❓️Type - Direct

Important concepts 🧠 
1️⃣Arrest – complete - 41 A/B/D
2️⃣Maintenance of public record & tranquility – complete.
3️⃣ Summary trial
4️⃣ Information to police & power to investigate.
5️⃣Complaints to magistrate.

✍️Chapter 1️⃣1️⃣ Indian evidence Act
👀Previous Year – 8 Marks
✔️Already asked
👉Relevant fact
👉Primary evidence & secondary evidence
✅️Anticipation – 8-10 marks
❓️Type:- Direct

Important concepts 🧠 
1️⃣ Logical relevancy & legal relevancy.
2️⃣Res Gestae with illustration.
3️⃣Motive, preparation & subsequent conduct.
4️⃣Admission V/s Confession & case law.
5️⃣Statement by person who cannot be called as witness.
6️⃣Opinions of experts.
7️⃣Privileged communication.
8️⃣Estopple & its types

✍️Chapter 1️⃣2️⃣ Special courts & tribunals
under companies Act
👀Previous Year – 4 marks
✔️Already asked
👉Constitution of national.
👉Company law tribunal
Anticipation – 4 marks
Type:- Direct

Important concepts 🧠 
1️⃣ Lodging of caveat before NCLT.
2️⃣Provision for filing an appeal before 3️⃣NCLAT/NCLT
4️⃣Any 5 powers of NCLT. 
5️⃣Offences triable by special courts

✍️Chapter 1️⃣3️⃣ Arbitration & Concialiation
👀Previous Year – 4 Marks
✔️Already asked
👉Alternative dispute resolution
✅️Anticipation –10 - 12 marks
❓️Type – Direct & case base

Important concepts 🧠 
1️⃣Arbitral award.
2️⃣Interim measures by court.
3️⃣Appointment of arbitrators.
4️⃣Grounds of challenge & procedure.
5️⃣Place of arbitration + case law (Amendment)
6️⃣ Court assistance in taking evidence.

✍️Chapter 1️⃣4️⃣ Indian Stamp Act
👀Previous Year – 4 Marks
✔️Already asked
Instruments chargeable with duty.
✅️Anticipation – 4 marks
❓️Type – Direct.

Important concepts 🧠 
1️⃣Cancellation of adhesive stamps.
2️⃣Consequences of instruments not duly stamped & its evidentiary value.
3️⃣Bill of lading – meaning.
4️⃣Define lease.
5️⃣ Time of stamping – section 17
6️⃣Liability of instruments to stamp duty where several instrument are executed in single transaction.
7️⃣stamping.

✍️Chapter 1️⃣5️⃣ Registration Act 1908
👀Previous Year – 4 Marks
✔️Already asked
👉Object of registration of document.
✅️Anticipation – 4 marks
❓️Type – Direct

Important concepts 🧠 
1️⃣Documents whose registration is compulsory.
2️⃣Exception to Section 17(1)
3️⃣Documents which are optionally registrable. (opposite of Section 17)
4️⃣Effect of non registration.

✍️Chapter 1️⃣6️⃣ Right to Information Act
👀Previous Year – 8 Marks
✔️Already asked
👉Term of office & condition of service of chief information officer & 
information commissioner.
✅️Anticipation – 4-8 marks
❓️Type – Direct

Important concepts 🧠 
1️⃣Salient features of act.
2️⃣Obligation of public authority.
3️⃣Duties of PIO.
4️⃣Exemption from disclosure .
5️⃣Appeals.

✍️Chapter 1️⃣7️⃣ Information Technology Act
👀Previous Year – 4 Marks
✔️Already asked
👉Liability of network service provider.
✅️Anticipation – 4-8marks
❓️Type – Direct

Important concepts 🧠 
1️⃣Non applicability of the Act.
2️⃣Digital signature & electronic signature.
3️⃣Time of receipt.
4️⃣Penalties & adjudications
How to Create the JIGL Preparation Strategy
Understanding the subject’s requirements: Students should, first and foremost, fully understand the subject’s and paper’s requirements. Three parts compose the subject: general laws, interpretation, and jurisprudence. The primary goal of the paper is to provide a general understanding of laws and their interpretation.

✍️Dynamic subject: Students must keep in mind that this subject involves many dynamic components and is not static like accounting or costing.

✍️Quoting recent case laws: The student must include pertinent and significant examples from recent events that are taking place in and around the business world when attempting the exam.

✍️Indian Constitution: The student must be familiar with the provisions of the Indian Constitution since the Constitution Act is a significant chapter in this course.

✍️Writing Practice: Because this paper is descriptive, a great deal of writing practice is necessary to attempt and pass it.

✍️Periodicity of writing: Success is always largely dependent on regular practice.

As a result, every student must always remember that answering questions regularly is essential for preparation. Most students put off writing assignments until the very end of the syllabus, which frequently results in chaos.

Why Pursue Company Secretary After 12th?

Why Pursue Company Secretary After 12th?

Learn why becoming a Company Secretary after 12th grade is a smart career move. Discover the benefits, opportunities, and insights into how CS can shape your professional journey.
Company Secretary After 12th: A career is more than just an opportunity to learn, secure a job, or access benefits. For many, it’s a symbolic journey through life that enhances self-awareness. Anyone can embark on a career journey to realize their dreams and goals. This blog focuses on how to become a successful company secretary (CS), one of the most sought-after accounting and finance positions, and how it can benefit students.

What are the Responsibilities of the Company Secretary After 12th?
Let’s start by defining a company secretary. A company secretary is a professional who is a member of the Institute of Company Secretaries of India (ICSI) as defined by the Companies Act of 2013. Every Indian organization with a paid-up share capital of at least Rs. 5 billion is required by the Company Secretary Act to designate a CS.

A company secretary’s primary responsibilities are to efficiently and productively administer the business, especially legal and regulatory requirements for compliance and carrying out the executive board’s decisions.

Let’s examine a few additional responsibilities of a company secretary. The directors of the company are also in charge of overseeing the director’s bulletin board, maintaining the plan, adhering to meeting procedures, and performing other related management duties.

You will, therefore see that CS is among the individuals involved in successfully managing a business in many fields.

Primary Services of Company Secretary
http://comercioz.blogspot.com/2024/01/career-as-company-secretary_13.html

Why choose to become a Company Secretary?
Being a CS and working in a demanding field simultaneously has several advantages. For example, you can work in various industries as a member of the well-known ICSI group, including banks, corporations, the government, and academic institutions in recognized educational institutions. Other CS roles have recently surfaced, including those of arbitrators, mediators, bankruptcy administrators, GST employees, etc.
We can conclude from the discussion that CS can be a very beneficial career choice for you personally and professionally. A CS practices in top organizations and acquires extensive and in-depth knowledge in various fields, including law, secretariat, and corporate governance. Individuals with CS practice also improve their organizational, time-management, decision-making, and communication skills. In summary, picking CS as a career is highly beneficial since it enhances a person’s behaviour and personality.

Comércio has always thought that Education should be at rates that are affordable for everyone because that makes the whole world better by providing educated officers, Teachers, and Businessmen. Get Comércio's Online CS Courses to start your Career as a Company Secretary.

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CAREER AS A COMPANY SECRETARY


CAREER AS A COMPANY SECRETARY

The Company Secretary is:

  • An in-house legal expert; a compliance officer of the Company.
  • An expert in corporate laws, securities laws & capital market and corporate governance
  • Chief advisor to the board of directors on best practices in corporate governance
  • Responsible for all regulatory compliances of company
  • Corporate planner and strategic manager

Role of a Company Secretary

A Company Secretary being multidisciplinary professional renders services in the following areas:

Corporate Governance and Secretarial Services

  • Corporate Governance Services
  • Corporate Secretarial Services
  • Secretarial/ Compliance Audit and certification Services

Corporate Laws Advisory and Representation Services

  • Corporate Laws Advisory Services
  • Representation Services
  • Arbitration & Conciliation Services

Financial Market Services

  • Public Issue, listing and Securities Management
  • Takeover Code, Insider trading, Mergers & Amalgamation
  • Securities Compliance and Certification Services
  • Finance & Accounting Services
  • Taxation Services
  • International Trade & WTO Services

Management Services

  1. General/ Strategic Management
  2. Corporate Communication and Public Relations
  3. Human Resources Management
  4. Information Technology
EMPLOYMENT PROSPECTS

A qualified Company Secretary has openings in Employment and as Practising Independent Professional

Company Secretary in Employment

  • Company Secretary has been recognized as Key Managerial Personnel along with the Chief Executive Officer/managing director/manager, whole-time director and Chief Financial Officer. (section 203)
  • Being Key Managerial Personnel, Company Secretary is required to be mandatorily appointed in every company belonging to such class or classes of companies as may be prescribed.
  • As per the Rule 8 of Companies (Appointment and Remuneration of Managerial Personnel) Rules, 2014, such prescribed class is every listed company and every other public company having a paid-up share capital of ten crore rupees or more shall have whole-time key managerial personnel.
  • Also as per Rule 8A, i.e. Appointment of Company Secretaries in companies not covered under rule 8.—A company other than a company covered under rule 8 which has a paid up share capital of five crore rupees or more shall have a whole-time company secretary.
  • Functions of the company secretary have been codified in the Companies Act, which include:-
    • to report to the Board about compliance with the provisions of this Act, the rules made there under and other laws applicable to the company;
    • to ensure that the company complies with the applicable secretarial standards;
    • to provide to the directors of the company, collectively and individually, such guidance as they may require, with regard to their duties, responsibilities and powers; and
    • to assist and advise the Board in ensuring good corporate governance and in complying with the corporate governance requirements and best practices ;
    • other specified functions

Company Secretary in Practice

Some of the important areas of recognition for Company Secretary in Practice include:

  • Secretarial Audit
    • Every listed company and (a) every public company having a paid-up share capital of 50 crore rupees or more; or (b) every public company having a turnover of 250 crore rupees or more shall annex a Secretarial Audit Report with its Boards report given by company secretary in practice in Form No. MR-3;
  • Pre-certification of e-forms;
  • Duty to report fraud;
  • Appointment as Administrator (Section 259);
  • Company Liquidators (Section 275);
  • Professional assistance to Company Liquidator (Section 291);
  • Qualifications of Tribunal (Section 409);
  • Adjudication of penalties (Section 454);
Company Secretaries in Practice also render services in the following areas:

● Legal, Secretarial and Corporate Governance
● Corporate Restructuring
● Foreign Collaborations and Joint Ventures
● Arbitration and Conciliation
● Financial Management
● Project Planning
● Capital Market and Investor Relations
● Due Diligence
● Corporate Advisory Services
● SEBI Act, SCRA and regulations made there under Depositories Act, 1996
● Exim Policy etc.

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Which one is better - CA or CS ?

How to Choose between CA and CS?
Many people need clarification about choosing a Chartered accountant or Company Secretary. 

Both professions have their merits and deciding which is the right fit for your business can be difficult. 

I will discuss some of the main differences between these professionals so that you can decide what is best for your company.

First of all, they both provide very similar services when it comes to maintaining your company's financial records. 

Both of them maintain your books and provide advice on the financial reporting process and compliance requirements such as VAT returns and company tax
submissions. 

However, their approach to each task is very different. A chartered accountant will analyse and interpret your company's finances, while a company secretary will focus on the administration and management of the company's operations. 

This is another important difference between the two professionals. A chartered accountant will assess your financial data and provide you with the necessary advice to make sound business decisions. 

On the other hand, a company secretary will manage your company's activities and ensure that everything is running smoothly. 

One of the main differences between these two roles is that a chartered accountant is a licensed professional who must be qualified to practice his/her profession. 

They typically hold a degree in accounting and gain practical experience by passing a series of exams before they are finally licensed to practice. 

In contrast, a company secretary does not require particular qualifications and can attend training to improve their skills in this field. 

Another key difference is in their respective duties. A chartered accountant will focus on analysing and preparing financial reports for your business, while a company secretary will ensure everything runs smoothly behind the scenes.

What is CA & CS? 
Choosing between a career in Chartered Accountancy (CA) and Company Secretary (CS) can be difficult.

There are numerous factors to consider, and it is important to take the time to weigh up all the options to ensure you make an informed choice. 

While both professions involve dealing with a company's financial transactions, there are key differences you should consider. 

In this blog post, we will look at some of the factors you should consider to help you choose between CA and CS. 

We will compare the courses, the duration and the scope of the professions and provide helpful advice to make sure you make the right decision. 

If you have been struggling to decide between a career in CA or CS, stay with us, and by the end of this post, you'll have all the information you need to decide.

What is CA

If you're considering a career in accounting or consulting, which one is right for you: 

CA or CS? CA stands for Chartered Accountancy and is a specialised field of accounting, while CS stands for Company Secretary and is focused on corporate governance and secretarial practices. 

Both careers offer great career advancement and financial security opportunities, but which one is right for you? 

When choosing between CA and CS, the first thing to consider is what kind of work you'd like to do. 

CA is a great option if you're interested in working in the accounting field. CA work on financial statements, taxes, and auditing. 

They often work with clients to provide financial advice and guidance. Conversely, CS is best for those who want to focus on corporate governance and legal practices. 

CS professionals are responsible for various corporate functions, such as managing company records and advising on company policy. 

Another important factor in choosing between CA and CS is the level of education and qualifications required. 

To become a CA, you must complete professional studies and pass the CA exams. 

This can take a few years and require a significant commitment of time and energy. 

To become a CS, you'll need to complete a 3-year degree in business studies and pass the CS exams. 

While this is a shorter commitment, it still requires significant study and dedication. 

Finally, it would be best if you also considered the salary potential when choosing between CA and CS. 

Both of these careers offer excellent salaries and job security, but the salaries for each will vary depending on experience, location, and the type of company you work for

What is CS ? 
Choosing between CA (Chartered Accountancy) and CS (Company Secretary) can seem like a daunting decision, but it doesn't have to be. 

Both of these career paths offer lucrative and fulfilling careers, with the decision ultimately coming down to personal preference. 

To help make the decision easier, potential students should consider the differences between the two paths, the educational requirements, and the benefits of each career path. 

A Chartered Accountant is an expert in financial matters. They provide financial advice to individuals and businesses and help prepare and audit annual financial statements. 

CA's are also responsible for helping ensure compliance with laws and regulations, assisting clients with tax matters, and providing other support services. 

The educational requirements for becoming a CA include a Bachelor's degree, a three-year postgraduate course and a three-year apprenticeship. 

In addition, they must pass the Final Examination of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India.

In contrast, a Company Secretary is a professional responsible for the administration of a company. 

They are responsible for ensuring compliance with company laws, managing financial transactions, and providing advice and assistance to the board of directors and management. 

The educational requirements for becoming a CS include a Bachelor's degree, a two-year postgraduate course and a two-year apprenticeship. 

In addition, they must pass the Final Examination of the Institute of Company Secretaries of India. 

Both of these career paths offer job security and the potential to earn a high salary. 

However, the amount earned by a CA or CS can vary depending on the size and complexity of the company. 

In addition, both professions offer the potential for advancement, with many CAs and CSS eventually becoming partners in their firms or directors in their companies.

How to become CA
Choosing between becoming a Chartered Accountant (CA) and a Company Secretary (CS) is difficult. 

Both professions have their own advantages and disadvantages, and it is important to understand them before making a decision. 

Becoming a Chartered Accountant is a great way to gain expertise in the field of finance and accounting, and it provides individuals with the knowledge and skill set to become successful accountants. 

In order to become a Chartered Accountant, one must first complete the CA course, which consists of three levels - the Common Proficiency Test (CPT), the Integrated Professional Competence Course (IPCC), and the Final Examination. 

The CPT is the entry-level examination for the course, and it covers topics such as basic accounting, business laws, and mercantile laws. 

The IPCC is the second level of the CA course, and it covers topics such as cost and management accounting, taxation, and auditing. 

Finally, the Final Examination is the last level of the CA course, and it covers topics such as Advanced Accounting, Financial Management, Corporate and Allied Laws, and Direct and Indirect Taxes. 

Once the CA course is completed, one must apply for membership with the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI). 

Upon completing the membership process, the individual will become a Chartered Accountant and be eligible to practice as a Chartered Accountant. 

Pursuing a career as a Chartered Accountant is a great way to gain expertise in finance and accounting, and it can open up many avenues for success.

Choosing between becoming a Chartered Accountant (CA) and a Company Secretary (CS) can be difficult. 

Both professions require a strong academic background and offer rewarding and challenging careers. 
While both professions provide excellent career prospects and can eventually lead to successful and lucrative career opportunities, each profession has unique characteristics and requirements.

The first step in deciding which profession to pursue is to understand the differences between the two. 

A Chartered Accountant provides financial advice and services to various clients. 

They are responsible for auditing accounts, preparing financial statements, and providing tax advice. 

On the other hand, a Company Secretary is responsible for ensuring that a company meets all the legal requirements for proper corporate governance and compliance. 

They also manage meetings, draft and implement corporate policies, and provide advice on legal and corporate matters.

In terms of qualifications, CA exams are conducted by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI). 

In contrast, CS exams are conducted by the Institute of Company Secretaries of India (ICSI). 

Both exams have their own sets of eligibility criteria and course contents. It is important to note that both exams are difficult and require a great deal of time and effort to complete successfully.

When it comes to job prospects, both CA and CS-certified individuals have excellent opportunities, with CA professionals being highly sought after by accounting firms and CS professionals being highly sought after by corporate companies. 

However, it is important to note that both qualifications can benefit career prospects, as they offer an in-depth knowledge of financial and legal matters.

Ultimately, the decision as to whether to pursue a CA or CS qualification should be based on your personal interests, goals and career aspirations.

How to become a Company Secretary
Are you looking to become a Company Secretary (CS)? Becoming a CS is a great way to take your career in the corporate world to the next level. 

Not only do CSS enjoy professional respect and recognition, but they also experience the many benefits of the role. 

In this blog post, we'll provide you with all the information you need to become a CS. 

We'll cover things like the qualifications and certifications you need, the skills you must possess, the job description, and the salary and benefits you can expect. 

We'll also share important tips to help you ace the job interview and secure the position. 

So, if you want to become a CS, read on for all the information you need.
Benefits of Becoming a CS
Becoming a company secretary is a great way to advance your career and start working at a high level of corporate governance. 

The job of a company secretary is to ensure the smooth running of a company in terms of legal, financial and administrative matters. 

They are responsible for organising and preparing company documents, helping to set up new companies and subsidiaries, as well as liaising with shareholders, directors and other stakeholders.

Future scope of CA & CS
The scope of both Chartered Accountancy (CA) and Company Secretary (CS) is immense in India. 

Both careers demand great dedication and knowledge to excel in the field. It is important to understand the differences between the two professions before deciding.

CA is a professional course focusing on financial accounting, analysis, and auditing. On the other hand, CS focuses on corporate laws and procedures. 

CA mainly deals with taxes and finances, whereas CS deals with corporate laws, compliance and secretarial matters.

CA mainly deals with taxes and finances, whereas CS deals with corporate laws, compliance and secretarial matters.

In terms of future scope, both courses offer excellent opportunities. A qualified CA can opt for a career in finance, taxation, auditing, accounting, banking, financial planning, and management consulting. 

CS aspirants can go for jobs in the corporate sector, legal practice, corporate compliance, and other related fields.

In terms of market demand, CA still holds an edge over CS. It is easier for a CA to find job opportunities as businesses require CA for financial operations. 

Moreover, CA can offer a wide range of services to its clients. On the other hand, the demand for CS is restricted to the corporate sector.


Conclusion
In conclusion, deciding between CA and CS is a difficult decision. It is important to consider one's own skillset, interests, and ambitions when making this decision. 

It is also essential to assess the amount of time, effort, and money one is willing to invest in pursuing either of these paths. 

Ultimately, the decision should be taken with care and thought, as it will affect one's future career prospects.

Choosing between CA and CS can be a difficult decision. A person should first
consider their personal interests and the type of career they would like. 

CA is a professional course involving accounting and auditing, whereas CS is a professional course focusing on company laws, management, and corporate governance.

FAQ’s related to How to choose Between CA & CS

1. What is the difference between Chartered Accountancy (CA) and Company Secretary (CS)?

Chartered Accountancy is a professional course that provides knowledge and training in accounting, auditing, taxation, finance and corporate laws. Company Secretary is a professional course that provides knowledge and training in corporate laws, company affairs, corporate governance, compliance management, secretarial practice, and other allied areas.

2. What are the qualifications required to become a CA or CS? 

To be eligible for the CA certification, you must have a Bachelor's degree in any discipline and pass the CA examinations conducted by ICAI. To be eligible for the CS certification, you must have a Bachelor's degree in any discipline and pass the CS examinations conducted by ICSI. 

3. What are the benefits of having a CA or CS certification? 

A CA or CS certification can open up a wide range of career opportunities and provide you with the knowledge and skills necessary to pursue a successful career in finance and accounting. It also provides industry recognition, increases marketability, and can help you command higher salaries.

Appointments, Roles, Responsibilities of Company Secretaries and their Removal

APPOINTMENTS, ROLES, RESPONSIBILITIES OF COMPANY SECRETARIES AND THEIR REMOVAL
A Company Secretary (CS) is the key managerial personnel of a company. A CS is entrusted with the compliance and legal aspects of a company. The Institute of Company Secretaries of India (ICSI) is the body that regulates and maintains the profession of Company Secretaries. A CS means a person who is a member of the ICSI.

The primary role of the CS is maintaining the company’s books of accounts, auditing the company’s tax returns, advising the board of directors relating to the legal and financial risks of the company and ensuring that the company complies with statutory regulations. 

Appointment Process of a Company Secretary
Section 203 of the Companies Act, 2013 (‘Act’) and Rules 8 and 8A of Companies (Appointment and Remuneration of Managerial Personnel) Rules, 2014 (‘Rules’), states that the following companies must appoint a CS as a Key Managerial Personnel (KMP):  
➡️ All listed companies with a paid-up share capital of more than Rs.10 crore.
➡️ All public companies with a paid-up share capital of more than Rs.10 crore.
➡️ All private limited companies with a paid-up share capital of more than Rs.10 crore.
All unlisted companies with a paid-up share capital of more than Rs.10 crore.

The process of appointment of a CS is as follows:
➡️ Convene board meeting by giving a notice to all the directors and pass a resolution for appointing a whole-time company secretary.
Inform the Registrar of Companies about the appointment of the company secretary by filing form MGT-14 and DIR-12 within 30 days from the date of appointment. 
➡️ Make necessary entries and maintain a proper register of directors and key managerial personnel after the appointment of the company secretary.
➡️ Inform the stock exchange where the company shares are listed, in the case of a listed company.
➡️ A company secretary cannot hold office in more than one company, but he/she can hold office in the subsidiary company simultaneously. 

Roles and Responsibilities of a Company Secretary
The CS appointed by a company must perform the following functions as provided in Section 205 of the Act:
➡️ Report to the board of directors about the compliance statement of the company.
➡️ Ensure that the company is complying with all secretarial standards.
➡️ Do all such other duties as prescribed by the company board of directors from time to time. 

Duties of a Company Secretary
Rule 10 of the Rules provides the duties of the CS, which are as follows:
➡️ Provide the company directors guidance as they may require concerning their powers, duties and responsibilities. 
➡️ Facilitate the convening of meetings, attend general, board and committee meetings, and maintain the minutes of these meetings. 
➡️ Obtain approvals from the general and board meetings, government, and other required authorities as provided under the provisions of the Act.
➡️ Represent before several regulators and other authorities under the Act connected with the discharge of duties under the Act. 
➡️ Assist the company board in the conduct of the company affairs. 
➡️ Advice and assist the board in complying with the corporate governance requirements, ensuring good corporate governance and best practices. 

Discharge such other duties as specified under the Act or rules. 
Removal Process of a Company Secretary
The process of removal of a CS is as follows:
➡️ The board of directors can remove the CS by satisfying all the terms of appointment and recording the same.
➡️ Pass a board resolution of removal of the CS in the board meeting after giving notice to all the directors of the company about the removal/resignation of the CS.
➡️ File form DIR-12 with the Registrar of Companies within thirty days, along with prescribed filing fees.
➡️ Inform the stock exchange where the company shares are listed, in the case of a listed company.
➡️ Make the required entries in the register maintained to record company secretaries’ particulars.
➡️ The company should fill the vacancy of the position of the CS within six months at the board meeting. 

Disclaimer: The materials provided herein are solely for information purposes. No attorney-client relationship is created when you access or use the site or the materials. The information presented on this site does not constitute legal or professional advice and should not be relied upon for such purposes or used as a substitute for legal advice from an attorney licensed in your state.

How to study Company Law for CS Executive?

The Top 5 Strategies for CS Executives to Study Company Law

Read the best Strategies for CS Executives to Study Company Law. Ensure legal compliance and elevate your expertise with this essential guide for corporate leaders.


Company Secretary (CS)

The Top 5 Strategies for CS Executives to Study Company Law

Read the best Strategies for CS Executives to Study Company Law. Ensure legal compliance and elevate your expertise with this essential guide for corporate leaders.

Strategies for CS Executives: One of the most crucial subjects for the Company Secretary exam and a career as a Company Secretary is Company Law. To excel in Company Law, students should focus on understanding all significant legal provisions, their intended purposes, and practical applications.


At every level, they should prepare themselves adequately to explain the applicable rules, guidelines, and specifications conceptually. Additionally, students should read the Bare Act better to understand the provisions in the various sections and subsections. It is advisable to remember some essential points and use them intelligently to solve real-world problems at the CS Executive Course level.


The sections of the Companies Act 2013 and the rules made thereunder have been notified by the Government of India. They went into effect on April 1st, 2014, to serve as the foundation for Company Law for CS Executives.


Some guidelines for CS Executives to Study Company Law

Thoroughly Read the Bare Acts

The purpose of the CS Executive Company Law paper is to provide students enrolled in the Executive Program with a thorough understanding of the various provisions of company law while fostering an awareness of company regulations. Executive-level students are advised to study the legal aspects of company law thoroughly. The key to gaining such awareness is having a thorough understanding of the Bare Acts.


Make Notes

Due to the vast and detailed nature of the study material, students must take separate notes. As you read through the chapters, taking helpful notes on the topics can help you remember the themes later on in addition to helping you remember the key points. Additionally, it supports the continued practice of writing for theoretical subjects. This will help divide the syllabus into manageable chunks and improve writing speed as well.


Be Consistent

The CS Curriculum subject of company law lays out the foundational knowledge for other subjects, such as taxation laws. Students need to analyse each subject and develop a detailed plan thoroughly. The most difficult subjects should be addressed first. This will help the student clear up any remaining inquiries about those subjects in preparation for the examination. When the study materials and books are finished, it’s time to solve sample papers. This aids in gaining more understanding and a rough idea of the format of the real exam.


Selecting Your Study Materials

The main focus of a company secretary’s work is company law. Selecting the appropriate study materials is crucial for students. It is crucial for students to select one book to study and stick with it through to the end. It is best always to have a pencil handy when reading to highlight or underline important passages, jot down explanations or examples, briefly outline any procedure’s steps in the margin, and other things. This makes it easier to revise the night before an exam quickly.


Don’t switch up your reference books right before the examination. Due to the extensive syllabus, students will only become confused when they come across a new book when they are under extreme exam pressure. To gradually improve their writing skills, students should look through previous question papers and write at least a single answer each day. Theory papers require a lot of writing experience.


Study the Case Laws

The CS Executive exam’s maximum questions are based on case laws. Every answer is more persuasive and makes a positive impression on the teacher, looking over your response sheet if case law is included. This shows that the student is considering the case and is ready to answer it. Specifically, the company secretary is expected to learn about a variety of legal topics and to research and provide legal case advice. Case laws are crucial for a CS to remember. Reading legal cases during exam preparation aids students in comprehending legal principles in real-world situations.


Regarding providing the best resources and study materials for preparing for the CS examination, Comércio, a well-known and trusted brand among CS aspirants, making it one of India’s best CS final coaching classes. With the support of the top CS professors in India, it is a premier institute for aspiring Company Secretaries.


Here at Comércio, we think that to stay current with technological advancements, we must always change and adapt our course curriculum to make the most use of them.


By giving our students all the information they need to select the best career path, we hope to create a nurturing environment for them.


The Top 5 Strategies for CS Executives to Study Company Law FAQs

Where can I check Strategies for CS Executives to study Company Law?

The Strategies for CS Executives to study Company Law are provided in this article for students aspiring to become CS.


CS Executive Direct Entry Scheme 2024, Steps to Apply Online

CS Executive Direct Entry Scheme 2024, Steps to Apply Online
To enroll in the CS Executive Direct Entry Scheme 2024, simply follow the online process. Find detailed information and step-by-step guidance here!


Company Secretary (CS)
CS Executive Direct Entry Scheme 2024, Steps to Apply Online
To enroll in the CS Executive Direct Entry Scheme 2024, simply follow the online process. Find detailed information and step-by-step guidance here!

CS Executive Direct Entry: The Direct Entry Route offers an alternative path for students wanting to register for the CS Executive Course, bypassing the need for CSEET Exams. With this route, students only need to take two levels of CS Exams – CS Executive and CS Professional.

The registration process is entirely online. To check if you meet the criteria for this direct entry, explore the eligibility requirements for the CS Executive course. The Institute of Company Secretaries of India (ICSI) streamlines the process through a centralized self-service (CDS) portal, facilitating online registration and document submission.

For a detailed guide and comprehensive information on the CS Executive Direct Entry Scheme, along with the registration link, refer to the article below.

CS Executive Direct Entry Route 2024
The CS Executive Direct Entry Route is open to two groups of students:

Those who have finished their Graduation or Post Graduation.
Individuals who have successfully passed the CMA Final or CA Final examination.
CS Executive Direct Entry Eligibility Criteria 2024
To enroll in the CS Executive Direct Entry Scheme, you fall into two categories. Here, check the eligibility to enroll in the CS Executive Direct Entry Scheme:

Category 1
If you’re a Commerce graduate or postgraduate with at least 50% marks from a recognized University, you’re eligible.
Non-Commerce graduates or postgraduates can also join if they have secured a minimum of 50% marks in their university exams.
Category 2
Individuals who have successfully passed the CMA Final or CA Final examination are eligible.
CS Executive Direct Entry Registration Process 2024
The CS Executive Direct Entry Registration is an online process. To check if you qualify, review the CS Executive Direct Entry eligibility criteria above or on the CS Executive course page. ICSI manages registration through a self-service portal (CDS), allowing document submission. Find the registration on the ICSI website under E-Services > Student Services > Self-service portal > Entry-level forms.

This eliminates the need for physical visits to the ICSI office, as all interactions are conducted online, ensuring a seamless experience for CS students.

Prerequisites for CS Executive Direct Entry Registration 2024
Here are the documents required for CS Executive Registration through the Direct Entry Scheme 2024:

✔️Your photograph
✔️Your signature
✔️Date of Birth certificate (10th Pass Certificate)
✔️Qualification Certificate (12th Marksheet or certificate of ICAI/ICMAI/Final Pass Certificate)
✔️Category Certificate (if applicable)
✔️Identity Proof (Aadhar card/Passport/Voter ID/PAN card/Driving license/Ration card)
✔️Steps for CS Executive Direct Entry Registration Process
Here’s a simple step-by-step guide for the CS Executive Direct Entry Registration 2024:

Step 1️⃣: Open the above-provided registration link.
Step 2️⃣ Have soft copies of the above-mentioned documents ready.
Step 3️⃣: Tick the appropriate options and click “Proceed for registration.” On the new page, choose between “New Registration” or “Incomplete Registration.” For new registration, fill in all details.
Step 4️⃣: Click “Next” after filling out the required details.
Step 5️⃣Upload all mandatory documents.
Step 6️⃣ Make the payment.

After these steps, your CS Executive Direct Entry registration with ICSI will be complete. You’ll receive an email confirmation from ICSI on your registered email.

Note: This ICSI registration for the CS Executive Course is valid for 5 years. After the initial registration, you can revalidate by paying a fee of ₹2000 or as decided by the council.


Study Tips to Crack CSEET Exam | How to pass CSEET in first

STUDY TIPS TO CRACK CSEET EXAM | HOW TO PASS CSEET IN FIRST
The Institute of Company Secretaries of India will be declaring the official start date for the CSEET examination. The formal notice has been made by the Institute.

This exam is administered by the Institute of Company Secretaries of India and is considered to be a qualifying admission test for enrollment into the CS Executive Program." Here you can get comprehensive information on How to Prepare for CSEET & Pass CSEET in the First Attempt.

The CS Executive Entrance Test (CSEET) is conducted by the Institute of Company Secretaries of India (ICSI) for the purpose of direct admission of applicants into the CS Executive Program. The CSEET programme, which has taken the role of the CS Foundation programme, will now be held four times a year by ICSI.

For enrollment into the CS Executive Program, the sole qualifying entry exam is the CS Executive Entrance Test (CSEET). The Company Secretary Entrance Examination (CSEET) was developed with the different academic levels of students seeking admission to the Company Secretary Course in mind, in order to recruit deserving individuals and assess their potential for the Company Secretary profession. Candidates who are taking or have passed the class 12th exams will be able to participate in the CSEET.

The CSEET will be administered in February to all students seeking admission to the Company Secretary Course. This includes graduates/postgraduates and those students seeking admission into other courses. It is hoped that the process of choosing deserving applicants via CSEET would improve the overall quality of future members, allowing them to satisfy the expectations of both the sector and regulators.

 
Criteria for passing the CSEET Exams
ICSI has established a passing criteria which is minimum of 40 percentage marks in each part i.e., Paper-1, Paper-2, Paper-3 and Paper-4 independently as the case may be, and 50 percentage marks in total of all corridor put together for passing the Test. There will be no negative marking for wrong answers. The minimal CS Executive Entrance Test chance to be scored is 50 percentage.

 

The new break up for computer based CSEET in MCQ exam pattern of 2 hours would be as under

Business Communication get 35 questions and is 50 marks paper

Legal Aptitude and Logical Reasoning get 35 questions and is 50 marks paper

Economic and Business Environment get 35 questions and is 50 marks paper

Current Affairs, Presentation and Communication Skills get 35 questions and is 50 marks paper

total your CSEET exams get 140 questions which are worth 200 marks of total.

 

How much we are really prepared to crack this exam?
This examination being one of the most important exam for entering into this program of such a respectable Institute of India. Hence this requires decent preparation, knowledge and planning. 

The students are required to plan the study in such a manner that the target can be achieved and they should be qualified to crack this in 1st attempt itself. 

 

Following methodology is suggested for achieving the passing criteria and cracking the examination:
➡️ Acknowledging the CSEET Syllabus
➡️ Making a Study Schedule
➡️ Journals and CSEET Bulletins published by ICSI
➡️ Notes and Foundation Books
➡️ Taking Classes or Youtube Video lectures
➡️ Giving Mock Tests on a regular basis
Self practicing
 

How to Prepare for CSEET Exams: Acknowledging the CSEET Syllabus
The ICSI has specified a specific curriculum with regard to each paper and the topics that will be covered in the examination. The following are the concepts and subjects that must be covered in order for the exam to be recognized. Students are required to know and have a firm knowledge of the subject under evaluation. Students should do a detailed SWOT analysis of the topics under examination. The attention should be paid more on the topics/subjects that seem to be complex and hard for them.

1️⃣ Business Communication: Essentials of Good English Communication Business Correspondence

2️⃣ Legal Aptitude and Logical Reasoning: The Indian Constitution is a legal document that governs the country. The Indian Contract Act and the Indian Law of Torts Constitutive Elements of Company Secretaries Legislation Constitutive Elements of Corporation Law Argumentation based on logic Argumentation in the Spoken Word Nonverbal Reasoning is a kind of reasoning that does not use words.

3️⃣ Economic and Business Environment: The Fundamentals of Demand and Supply Market Competition, National Income Accounting, and related ideas are discussed in detail. Budget of the Indian Union Indian Financial Markets Economic Situation in India Economic Situation in India Environmental Aspects of Business Important Governmental Organizations

4️⃣ Current Affairs and Presentation and Communication Skills: Current Affairs of National and International Significance Presentation skills Written Communication Skills Oral Communication Skills

The ICSI has also specified the percentage of marks that will be assigned to each segment of the subject and to each topic. It becomes quite simple for pupils to prioritise their learning and make choices about which areas to study.

 

How to Prepare for CSEET Exams: Making a Study Schedule
A second crucial condition is that students plan out their daily studying hours, which is another important requirement. Making a decent timetable has always shown to be beneficial in achieving success in any exam. As a result, it would be beneficial in this situation as well.

A growing faculty members and mentors are using their YouTube channels these days. Students will also be guided through the process of developing their hourly or daily study schedule. They may stretch out their subjects throughout the course of recent few days

 Students may also choose on the days of the week that they would like to be assigned to this for the purpose of allocation. They can, for example, study each topic on an hourly basis through the week or each subject on a routine basis all week.

In future you will get all free lecture on our youtube channel Comércio. Subscribe the link https://youtube.com/@Comercioz?si=hXFig_6edvAZr1wu

 

How to Prepare for CSEET Exams : Journals and CSEET Bulletins published by ICSI
Students preparing for this examination might benefit from the ICSI's monthly journals and bulletins, which are published monthly. Students should refer to these study resources on a routine basis in order to appease the criteria of this examination.

Additionally, this will help them in understanding the most latest events in this examination. Recently published topics, case law, examples of practises, and other related information may be obtained and referenced to via these publications.

 

How to Prepare for CSEET Exams: Notes and Books
This national-level examination is often considered as quite competitive. Every student must prepare in the same manner in able to qualify. No particular reference foundation books has been specifically suggested by ICSI in order to prepare for the examination. Students can choose good reading material in order to get excellent marks in each subject. Regardless of the fact that this is not an entire list, students whom refer to these exam study materials will almost certainly get good marks.

As an example,Students may refer to exam study materials published by Taxmann publishers in order to prepare for the relevant questions to Company Law.
This publication also has some excellent Multiple Choice Questions on Company Law, which they may use to test their knowledge.
ICSI exam study materials are the sole source of information for gaining a conceptual knowledge of Business Communication.
Students may refer to the papers done by CS Anoop Jain to have a better grasp of business and commercial laws, which contains good reading material.
Any periodical, newspaper, or journal may be used to keep up with current events and keep one's knowledge current.
Students may also go at some of the previous year's question questions to ensure that they have been well prepared for the examination. Therefore, students will be able to prepare in a timely manner and fulfil the due requirements for passing the examination.
Students can purchase this from Comércio. Follow on Instagram for more updates https://www.instagram.com/comercioz_?igsh=MTV2eW92NWo2aDJ6Mg==
 

How to Prepare for CSEET Exams: Taking Classes or youtube lessons @Comercioz_
The students may refer to many websites and YouTube channels that prescribe variety of techniques of study, as well as chapter wise, subject wise, and importance wise notes to guide them with their studies. ICSI also arranges different kinds of lectures and sessions on a regular basis to help students gain a better knowledge of the subject matter.

Students may make effective choices about the kind of programs they choose to participate in. They may choose which resources would assist them in better understanding the topics or which exam study materials will benefit them in clearing up their concerns.

 
How to Prepare for CSEET Exams: Giving Mock Tests online on a regular basis @Comercioz_
Mock exams are often used to familiarize the students with the manner of examination or to prepare them for trying the actual question paper. Due to the fact that this is now an online paper that can be completed while sitting at home, it may be difficult for students to establish an examination-like environment at home. With the mock exams, users may check their ability to solve problems quickly and accurately, and they can also determine the accuracy level utilized throughout the performance.

Various sorts of mock exams are offered on a variety of internet sites, some of which are charged and others of which are free. Students may choose from a variety of options, but they should put in as much effort as they possibly can.

You can register on our site revisioncube.com if you are planning to give mock tests online with quality of questions.

 

How to Prepare for CSEET Exams: Self practicing @Comercioz_
It is often remarked that "Practice makes a man perfect." This is certainly true. This implies that with consistency completing topics on their own, students may achieve a high level of accuracy while also boosting their speed.

Although students may have completed mock examinations or online sessions, it is critical that they continue to concentrate on self-practice thereafter. One of the most important keys to being successful in this examination is to put in the significant time and effort into it.

 

Self-Practice for Viva Voice
It should be noted that Paper 4 includes a section on Viva Voice in addition to a section on Current Affairs. At the moment, the Viva Voice is similar to a feasible exam at a research centre that we attend before the Class Xth and Class XIIth Board Examinations, in that it is time-sensitive. The primary goal of Viva Voice is to evaluate an up-and-coming Company Secretary's interpersonal abilities. This is important because, as a Company Secretary, you will have to communicate with partners of the organisation, government/administrative bodies, stock exchanges, and so on, and without strong interpersonal abilities, it may be difficult to pass on perspectives appropriately.

Currently, in order to prepare for Viva Voice, you should practise speaking in front of a mirror on topics such as: yourself; the Indian economy in general; your life goals, and so on and so forth. This will assist you in overcoming your fear of public speaking and will enhance your interpersonal skills as a result.

 

You have almost covered the key points on how you can clear your CSEET, yet we should not understimate some general points;

 

1. Acquaint yourself with the exam syllabus:

It's the first and most important step, yet sadly, most students overlook it. Knowing the aim and purpose of the test provides you with clarity as to what the exam-conducting body is looking for in the applicants who take the exam. A highly advised advice is to read the complete exam syllabus from cover to cover. Make sure you're thorough with it. If you are not present, you are no longer alive. Because it assists you in organising the framework, the curriculum is important. Understand the exam pattern of weighting and schedule your time appropriately. Examine prior year's question papers in order to have an understanding of the test format.

 

2. Stick to a strict timetable:

The Time-Table aids you in setting short- and long-term objectives in the proper sequence. Time-based objectives assist you in allocating the appropriate amount of time to the appropriate subject and topic. When creating a Time-Table, avoid being too ambitious.

 

The following are some suggestions for designing a Time-Table with caution:

✔️Set aside a certain amount of time to study.
✔️Take small rests in between each session of work.
❌️Don't try to squeeze too much study time into a little amount of time.
✔️Give extra attention to issues that are tough to understand.
✔️Time must be set aside for Revisions.
❌️Don't let your interests slip through the cracks of your busy schedule.
 

The most essential thing is to be realistic. Now comes the matter of how to go about it. After you have finished your own research, create a study schedule. Do you know whether you're a nocturnal or a diurnal individual? When is it that your energy is at its most active? Most of the time, we don't pay attention to them since they don't appear to be of extreme significance. It is, nevertheless, the case.

 

Be psychologically prepared for the fact that you will fail several times. No one has ever completed the Time Table in a one sitting. You must embrace the fact that you have deviated from your programme, pick yourself up, and get back on track. And remember, you should never claim that you are unable to adhere to the schedule. Believe in yourself, and you'll be able to pull it off successfully. You can improve performance by scheduling your study properly.

 

3. Establish your fundamentals:

The majority of pupils seldom bother to look for clarification on a subject; they are too preoccupied with remembering it. Because failing to grasp the essentials implies that you will not be able to lay the groundwork for the topic. The height of a mountain is proportional to the size of its base. As a result, well—understood ideas stick with you for a very long time and enable you to deal with the issues that arise as a result of them with ease. Preparing brief notes on the fundamental concepts is highly suggested so that you may review them before to the test. And a ready-note is usually a good companion when you need one.

 

4. Review and Evaluate Yourself on a Regular Basis:

Assessing one's own abilities on a regular basis is an important habit to maintain in order to prepare well for exams. Give more and more mock exams, and put in more practice time. Download the example papers from the previous year. Prepare for the competitive test by beginning to work on them as you prepare for it. Consider yourself in an examination hall, attempting to complete the paper in a certain amount of time without taking any pauses. After you have finished the exam, go through your answers with a fine-tooth comb, noting any incorrect answers and revising them as needed.

 

5. Have self-assurance:

The most important thing is to be confident. Without a question. Confidence without preparedness, on the other hand, is a recipe for catastrophe. Maintain a cheerful attitude, be well-prepared, and offer all you have to the game. It is important to have an enthusiastic attitude regarding the test while you are studying. Don't get overconfident, either. Make an attempt to find a middle ground. Keep studying throughout the year and avoid the last-minute rush in order to minimize the stress and negativity associated with final exams.

 

6. Take good care of your physical and mental health:

The only means by which we may operate is via our physical and mental bodies. But, more importantly, are we taking good care of our tools? The majority of the time, no. As a result, it is essential to eat well, exercise regularly, and meditate on a daily basis in order to increase energy and focus capacity. Stay away from negative individuals if you want to maintain your mental wellness. Instead, surround yourself with people who have faith in your abilities. Stress should be avoided at all costs since it will not benefit you in any manner. Your body always require a good time of rest so try to manage your bed time routine between 6-8 hours. A good sleep boost your mind also improve performance in studies.

Overall, arrange and pre-plan your study area adequately, review, believe in yourself, eat and sleep well, exercise, and meditate on a regular basis since doing so will help you cope with exam-related challenges more successfully in the long run. If you honestly follow the instructions outlined above, you will pass with flying colours on your first try at the test or exam.

Also Read: Best Books For CS Foundation Exam

 

Frequently Asked Questions
 

Q: Is Cs foundation is easy to crack?

A: Since its the high level of competition, this national level test is not "easy" however you can successfully attempt and clear your CSEET if you have did enough preparation for it.

 

Q: How much marks are considered as passing score in Cseet?

A: Candidates must earn a minimum of 50% of the total marks to be deemed successful. According to ICSI rules, a candidate will be certified 'pass' in CSEET if he or she achieves 40% in each exam and 50% in the aggregate.

 

Q: How can I study for Cseet current affairs?

A: We have given sources and foundation books references above in blog, you can also follow ICSI and subscribe any articles or journals to get updated about CSEET current affairs.
You can read Comércio blogs on regular basis. 

 

Q: What kind of questions will be asked in Cseet exam?

A: The mode of cseet exam will be online and all four subjects will be objective type (Multiple choice questions) with on negative marking. This will be 50 marks mcq paper which is fully online mode.

 

Q: How can I pass Cseet in first attempt?

A: You can pass your cseet in your first attempt if you apply the given tips in your preparation of CSEET, however it totally are the matter of all your efforts.

 

Q: After 12th, Can we give Cseet?

A: Candidates who have successfully finished the 12th grade are eligible to sit for the ICSI CSEET test. The following types of students will be excused from CSEET requirements and may apply straight to the Executive Program.

 

Q: How do I register for Cseet 2022?

A: You need to visit ICSI official site icsi.edu. and then you can register and fill the required documents to complete your registration.

 

Q: In CSEET, What is viva voce?

A: Viva-Voice is part B of Paper 4 Current Affairs and Viva Voice in the CS Executive Entrance Test (CSEET). Candidates' fundamental communication abilities are assessed during the vivavoce by way of very simple questions posed in everyday language.

 

Q: In CSEET exams, is pen and paper allowed to carry with?

A: Additionally, candidates are not permitted to use a pen/pencil and paper throughout the Test. The exam should be conducted in the presence of no one other than the bona genuine candidate. During the exam, the candidate should avoid conversing with anybody or reading questions / answers aloud.